Colloid - Chemistry Glossary Definition

A colloid is a type of homogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out. The insoluble particles in the mixture are microscopic, with particle sizes between 1 and 1000 nanometers. The mixture may be termed a colloid or a colloidal suspension. The phrase colloidal solution is incorrect. Sometimes the term colloid only refers to the particles in the mixture and not the entire suspension. Colloids may be translucent due to the Tyndall effect, where light is scattered by particles in the mixture. Examples of Colloids Colloids may be gases, liquids, or solids. Examples of familiar colloids include butter, milk, smoke, fog, ink, and paint. Cytoplasm is another example of a colloid. Source Levine, Ira N. (2001). Physical Chemistry (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill. p. 955. ISBN 978-0-07-231808-1.

John Hope Franklin s The Train From Hate - 950 Words

In John Hope Franklin s The Train From Hate, Franklin claims that no matter what an oppressor inflicts upon the oppressed, the oppressed s worth is in no way diminished, and indeed the abuse is reflected poorly back upon the oppressor. â€Å"But it is not too much to say that her observations provided a sound basis for my attitudes and conduct from that day to this. At that early age, I had made an important journey. In the future, I remembered that I should not waste my time or energy lamenting the inability of some members of society to take me as I was. Instead, I would use my energies to make me a better person and to distance myself from the perpetrators and purveyors of hate and misunderstanding.† (Franklin,1) Franklin noticed this when he mentioned telling his mother that the conductor came off as mean and callous. His mother, in turn, attempts to reassure him with advice that ultimately permanently affected his thinking. Though coming from a good place, Franklinâ€℠¢s mother’s seemingly benign advice inadvertently reinforced the ill effects of white supremacy. The flaw in Franklin’s mother s reassurance that institutional is her belief that segregation does not inherently lead to a white person having a superiority complex. It absolutely does. I state that having studied it and being a white person, thereby granted white privilege for nothing other than having been born with a certain skin color. The fact that segregation was mandated by the government reinforced thatShow MoreRelatedBlack Vs. 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Higashimaru Soya Company Free Essays

? Higashimaru Shoyu Co Ltd was a manufacturer of Soy Sauce ? The company was established in 1942 by merger of Kikuichi Shoyu Goshi Gaisha and Asai Shoyu Gomei gaisha companies ? by 1992, the firm produced over 200 different products in approximately 650 packaging forms. ? Third largest firm in the industry with 5% Market share ? By the early 1980’s supply significantly exceeded demand and prices fell ? Profit ? With ratio dropped to about 8% from 10% increase in variety, fixed cost increased thus reducing the profitability ratio. Toshio Okuno was promoted as the Plant Manager in 1974 with a permission to revitalize the Corporation. We will write a custom essay sample on Higashimaru Soya Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? Implemented a gradual step wise process ? Identified the need of change in worker behavior. ? Emphasized on increasing overall communication till the lowest levels of the firm. †¢ MONTHLY GROUP LEADER MEETINGS †¢ Reduced a group’s natural resistance to change †¢ Increase in Inter and Intra group Communication †¢ THE PRICE CONTROL SYSTEM †¢ Developed a profit making attitude in groups †¢ Generate Cost and Quality awareness THE DRAFT SYSTEM †¢ Created a more efficient Job Rotation Program †¢ Corrected deficiencies in the job rotation program †¢ TATSUMAKI PROGRAM †¢ Improved management skills of group leaders †¢ Increased the group leader’s awareness of the issues faced by entire firm †¢ THE HANGEN GAME †¢ Designed to reduce head count †¢ Also motivated the groups for improvements ? Toshio Okuno displayed a Transformational Leadership style ? Realized the vision through small planned steps and small s uccesses in the path for its full implementation Tried to enhance the morale, performance and motivation of the employees ? Challenged the employees to take greater ownership for their work through the Price Control System program ? Tried to inspire the employees and make them interested in the work by various activities like creating the fictitious Higashimaru bank ? Okuno was also able to quickly identify problems faced by employees during the job rotation process and rectified them by implementing the Draft System ? Okuno also motivated group leaders to think beyond heir group and tried to improve their leadership qualities through the Tatsumaki Program Unfreeze: Change: Refreeze: †¢ Reaction mix †¢ Monthly group Leader met. †¢ Came up with Sagyo- Shigoto †¢ He thought the group leaders to think for themselves †¢ Increasing communication among the group. †¢ Participation and involvement of the employees into the decision making processes. †¢ Dra ft system †¢ Hangen game forced the employees to work more efficiently †¢ Reduce dependence on group leaders. ?Thank You!!! How to cite Higashimaru Soya Company, Essay examples

Strategic Management of the Australia Post

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of the Australia Post. Answer: Introduction This report provides an understanding about strategic management of the Australia post. In this report, it discusses the competitors analysis and it discusses about its competitors such as TNT, FedEx, and DHL. It also explains about the various factors of the macro environment such as political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, technological factors, legal factors and environmental factors. It defines corporate strategies of Australia post. It also explains the business strategy using Ansoff matrix. In this report, it also discusses about the strategic leadership of the Australia post. Company Profile: Australia Post is a company, which offers the postal services in Australia and out of the country. It operates a business in the name of Australian Postal Corporation. Australia Post was founded on 25 April 1809 and its headquarters is in Melbourne, Australia. It is managed and controlled by the Australian government. It is ranked at position 23rd among top 100 financial brands in Australia. Generally, it deals in various services such as parcels and mail (stamps, packaging, parcel collection and delivery), money insurance (prepaid cards, insurance, and financial services) and business solutions (parcel shipping and counters, finance and payment, and e-commerce solutions) (Australian Postal Corporation, 2017). Australia Post has more than 4400 post offices, and 11.4 million delivery centers, which are managed at different locations of the Australia. Industry Analysis Porters Five Force Model Bargaining power of buyers: There is large number of courier companies present in Australia. The competition among the postal service providers is very high. Australian post has two different types of customers who possess different level of bargaining power. The individual customers have low power. On the other hand, the contract/corporate customers have highest power. This empowers the buyers with the bargaining power. Postal service market in Australia is a mature market so the customer is aware of the price/rate offered by the courier companies. Moreover, due to low switching cost the bargaining power of customers is high (Rothaermel, 2015). Bargaining Power of suppliers: Australian post is having large number of suppliers present in the market so it is not dependent on specific suppliers. Due to large number of suppliers, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. In terms of logistics, the suppliers force is weak as there are several owned vehicles used for transportation. Moreover, there are several other dealers for vehicles, so the dependency on single or few players is very low. Threat of Rivalry: Rivalry among the existing competitors is high as there are large numbers of postal service providers in Australia. All the competitors such as FedEx, DHL, United parcel Service, TNT, DTDC etc. are present in market from a long period of time and are having good market share (Maiden, 2015). Service at lowest cost makes the difference among all. Threat of Substitutes: As there are large numbers of competitors present in the postal service. The threat of substitutes is high for Australia post as the price charged for the postal service is the only factor of difference among the competitors. The customer is aware of the prices of postal services, so the company providing services at lower rate are having the benefit of good business opportunity (Castle, 2014). Threats of New Entrants: Threat of new entry is the level of difficulty for a new company to enter the industry. For Australian post, threat of new entry is low due to high investment cost to start a new postal service. Need of transport vehicles and fleet are major requirements. Moreover, to compete with big players like DHL, Fed ex, Australian post etc it is very crucial to have good branding and extraordinary services, which are very difficult to opt. Competitor analysis Australia Post is a giant company in Australia. It has captured 60 percent of the market share in the business of delivery of the parcels. The main competitors of the Australia Post are FedEx, TNT, Toll, and DHL. These private companies are giving major challenges to Australia Post. The TNT grasps 10 percent and DHL holds 5 percent of the market share in the trade of delivery of the parcels. According to the analysis, the Australia post is the leader company in Australia but its markets shares are continuously decreasing because of its competitors. Its competitors increase their market share by acquiring and margining with other leading companies such as FedEx purchased TNT express for increasing its market share in Australia (Korporaal, 2015). Its competitors like FedEx and United Parcel Service are dealing internationally and dominating the others companies. Australia post is also dealing internationally but has to increase its scope in various countries. FedEx is not giving domestic parcel services in Australia but after acquiring the TNT, it provides the domestic parcel services in Australia. Therefore, it can be said that Australia post is now losing its market shares but due to innovation, and research and development, it can sustains its market share (DB Hoovers, 2017). Macro Environmental Factors Macro environmental factors are the factors, which are not controllable and changeable. They affect the environment of the organization and also influence the decision-making of the business. The organization has to change and manage strategies and decision according to the external environmental factors. It is also called external environment. Macro environmental Factors include the Pestle analysis. Pestle analysis is a tool, which helps to evaluate the external factors by which organization can take effective decision and control its managerial functions. Pestle analysis includes six factors such as political factors, economical factors, socio-cultural factors, technological factors, legal factors and environmental factors (Whitehead, 2012). Political Factors: Political factors of any country are also affecting the working of the organization. Australia is an industrialized nation and political surroundings are also stabled. There are lots of opportunities for Australia post to enhance its business in Australia and increases its market shares by the help of innovation and giving better services as compared to its competitors. Therefore, political factors of the Australia support Australia port (Metzger, 2014). Economical Factors: Economical factors are also influencing the decision of the business. The economical factors of the Australia are very sound and its economic growth is also good. The government rates such as tax rate and interest rates are feasible for the multinational companies. Therefore, it can be said that economical factors of the Australia are favorable for the Australia post (Zhou, 2011). Socio-cultural Factors: Socio-cultural factors of the countries are also affecting the business decision of the organization. The people of the Australia follow the western culture and they are highly influenced by the latest trends and style. Mostly, Australian people use e-commerce websites to order their daily routine goods and services. Therefore, Australia post has great opportunities to deliver postal packages. Technological Factors: Technological factors have great impact on the environment of the business. Sometimes these factors change the decision of the organisation. Australia is advance in technology and their people are also techno savvy people. Australia post also matches its business according to new trends and lifestyle. It launches various e-services such as track items, find a postcard, pay a bill, and redirect and hold mail. It also uses various technologies such as Tray management system, Multi-line optical character reader, Video coding machines, Barcode sorting machines, and Small packets sorting machine to enhance the profitability and productivity of the organization (Australia Post, 2017). Legal Factors: Every country has its own laws and regulations. Legal factors include consumer law, copyright law, and import/export law. Australia also has sound and strict rules and regulations but these rules and regulations are favorable to domestic companies. Australia post also takes such benefits from its country. Environmental Factors: Environmental factors are also influencing the business process of the various organizations. It includes various factors such as geographical location, weather, and climate. Australia is a prosperous country and is rich in resources. Their environmental laws are very much focused on environment protection and conservation. Therefore, Australia post has to use such packaging, which is recyclable and not provide harm to environment (Miller et al., 2011) Corporate Business Strategy Australia post is having focus on offering essential and appropriate service. Business of Australia post depends upon the customer satisfaction so the main focus is to fulfill the modern needs of the customers. In recent years, Australian post has renewed business strategy. They have alliance with Amazon, Armex and eBay for better logistics (Cummins, 2016). Change in technology has speeding up the courier service. Digitalization helped customers to track the courier from home. This satisfies the customers and brings faith towards the company. Australia post made strategy to enter into e-commerce and digital services to better serve its customers. This will ensure the accuracy and speed up the organisation in efficient and effective manner. The motive of the organisation is to build better relationship with customers, community and people. In the next phase, Australian post has also launched new drone technology for small parcels that are in nearby area byRemotely Piloted Aircraft (Sw an, 2016). Company Business strategy: Ansoff Matrix Ansoff matrix is using to evaluate business strategies of the organization. It shows four types of business growth strategies such as market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. Market penetration is a strategy in which marketer sells its products offerings inclusive of general goods and services in prevailing market. Market development is a strategy in which marketer offers its prevailing goods and services in new emerging market. Product development is a strategy in which company offers new products in established market. Diversification is a business strategy, in which company launches its new goods and services in new market (Campbell et al., 2011). Generally, Australia post is using diversification business strategy. It enhances its productivity and profitability by dealing in various segments such as parcels mail, money insurance, travel ID and business solutions. In various segments, it provides various products and services to increase the satisfaction level of the customers. It also offers its various services in different countries like New Zealand, China, USA, Canada, UK, and Ireland to increase its business. The organisation also uses product development strategy to improve its position in Australia. Australia post provides new service like free parcel lockers, which can be accessed 24 by 7. It also uses drone technology to deliver packages, which are not easy to reach on time (Swan, 2016). Strategic leadership evident The current business environment is changing at a fast speed. There is lots of competition in postal service industry due to changing technology. To overcome pressure to perform and sustain, the leaders have to introduce new ideas and decisions. Implementation of such decisions and ideas in such a manner that employee accepts the decision and works benefiting the company. These strategies are different from the old theories of forcing or threatening employees in order to get followed (Joyce, 2016). It is about influencing employees in such a way that make them feel and want to contribute to the success of the company. These strategies are tracking postal parcel, use of drone technology and they provide different perks and bonus to employees get good rating from customers. Regular feedback from clients and satisfy their each need is again a strategic decision of Australia Post. Conclusion On the basis of above discussions, it can be concluded that all over position of Australia post is better in the market. By analyzing the portal five-force model, it can be said that power of buyers and suppliers is low because of high competition in the market and threat of new entrants is also low due to huge investment requirement in this business. It also analyses the competitors position in the market of Australia. By analyzing the competitors position, it can be reflected that the company is enjoys a huge market share than that of its competitors. By analyzing the macro environment, it concludes that external factors such as political, economical, socio-culture, technological, legal and environmental factors are affecting the working of the Australia post. It also concludes that the organization uses the diversification business strategy to enhance or increase its scope in various countries. Reference Australia Post (2017) Technology and the future, [Online]. Available at: https://auspost.com.au/education/ourpost/students/our-post/future.html (Accessed: 11 April 2017). Australian Postal Corporation (2017) Make a lasting impression this Easter. Available at: https://auspost.com.au/ (Accessed: 11 April 2017). Castle, J. (2014) Posting Parcels Overseas. Available at: https://www.choice.com.au/shopping/shopping-for-services/services/articles/best-international-postal-service (Accessed: 12 April 2017) Cummins, C. (2016) Austalia post will reach out to help amazon. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/property/aussie-post-will-reach-out-to-help-amazon-20170406-gvetce.html (Accessed 13 April 2017) DBHoovers(2017) Australian Postal Corporation Competition. Availableat:https://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/competition.australian_postal_corporation.bafe3e1ed63c98f4.html (Accessed: 11 April 11, 2017). Joyce, P. (2016) Strategic Leadership in the Public Sector. UK: Routledge Korporaal, G. (2015) Australia Post Rivals Picking up the Parcel Business, The Australian Business Review, [Online]. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/the-deal-magazine/australia-post-rivals-picking-up-the-parcel-business/news-story/34c841e719d65d9a75939c65578fbec3 (Accessed: 11 April 2017). Maiden, M. (2015) Australia Post eyes price rise. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/australia-post-eyes-price-rise-20140129-31n5w.html (Accessed: 12 April 2017) Metzger, K. (2014) Business Analysis of UK Supermarket Industry. Munich: Grin Verlag. Miller, F. P., Vandome, A.F. and McBrewster, J. (2011) Pest Analysis. Saarbrucken: VDM Publishing. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015)Strategic management:Concepts and cases. NY: McGraw-Hill. Swan, D. (2016) Australia Post launches new drone technology. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/australia-post-launches-new-drone-technology/news-story/94fb1d20e88e54571462546a88b7cfad (Accessed 12 April 2017) Whitehead, J. (2012) What You Need to Know about Strategy. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Zhou, Q. (2011) Advances in Applied Economics, Business and Development: International Symposium. Berlin: Springer

The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Chapter 2 2.0Literature Reappraisal There are many research workers who have examined on how touristry affects the local people in a finish. They have worked on how to measure the negative and positive impacts of touristry on society. This literature reappraisal will be based on the research of the socio-cultural impact of touristry on the local people in Mauritius. This literature reappraisal will be completed by seeking for diary articles, relevant surveies which have been antecedently done on the subject. 2.1.1 Overview of Tourism Tourism is an active procedure which include direct and alternate relationship between people and conceiver of touristry merchandises. The interaction between people is the is frequently the necessary characteristic which characterizes a touristry experience. Sheldon A ; Abenoja argued that these experiences can take to both positive and negative impacts and this should be controlled in order to maximise the positive impacts and minimize and negative impacts. Positive and negative characteristic of touristry can be moved to the tourers and the host population as a touristry merchandise can merely be consumed in a finish. We will write a custom essay sample on The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Socio Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One of the most influential socially based programs refined to analyze the impact of touristry has on local people and the environment in which the local people live is on the work of Doxey ( 1975 ) , who was able to show the feeling that local people show as touristry extend and start to utilize greater country of a local economic system over clip. ( Doxey ) besides argued that there are fundamentally four degrees to be considered when measuring local feelings towards the touristry industry. These are as follows: Euphoria: This is where tourist semen to a finish where they are received with small control and planning in a finish Apathies: Tourists are accepted by the local people in a finish, commercialisation takes topographic point and there is a relationship between groups. Irritation: As the touristry industry is being saturated, local people tend to hold uncertainness about a location of touristry. Tourism contrivers increase substructure alternatively of commanding the growing of touristry. Hostility: Local people start to go annoyed and this is presented to tourers and touristry and planning is renewing. 2.1.2Resident-visitor dealingss: Doxey s Irridex It became clear that without the support of stakeholders, touristry would non be successful in the long term. This is specifically suited for the communities who host the visitants. Doxey ( 1975 ) , Doxey suggested an easy set of phases, showing a host community response to and relationship with an increasing figure of visitants. He suggested that local acceptance thresholds and the the opposition of the host community to the increasing figure of touristry development established a fright that they might lose community individuality. Furthermore, Doxey s ( 1975 ) Index of Irritation ( Irridex ) symbolizes the go uping sensitiveness of local occupants as the impact that visitants cause additions. Kreag ( 2001 ) said that the figure of impacts from touristry is physically broad and it frequently has the authorization on countries beyond those normally linked with touristry. It is hard to mensurate the exact type and magnitudes of impacts of touristry as they can non be viewed in a separate manner because the consequence brought by touristry entirely and the consequence which has been accomplished by other agents of alteration such as modernisation, development, and the influence of media Archer A ; Cooper, ( 1994 ) ; Lickorish A ; Jenkin, ( 1997 ) ; Mathieson A ; Wall, ( 1982 ) . 2.1.3 Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism Oppermann A ; Chon, ( 1997 ) , argued that the socio cultural impacts should be available in towns and it should be designed in such a manner in order to accomplish the ideals of sustainable development. Smith ( 1995 ) reported that the socio-cultural impacts of touristry occur when there is the interaction between the host , or local people, and invitees , or tourers. However, Glasson, Gofrey and Goodey ( 1995 ) argued that the socio-cultural impacts are the people impacts of touristry and it concentrates on the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours alterations and quality of life of occupants in a finish. It has been stated by Opperman and Chon ( 1997 ) that tourer and the host interactions does non hold consequence on the hosts and the society of the host, but besides it has an consequence on the tourers and the tourers societies. Cooper et al. , ( 1998 ) ; said that socio-cultural impacts have both positive and negative signifiers and it is the hosts and the invitees who are affected, Oppermann A ; Chon, ( 1997 ) . Furthermore, Pi-Sunyer, ( 1973 ) , stated that socially and culturally, touristry has frequently been victim of societal tensenesss. Boissevain, ( 1979 ) ; Tsartas, ( 1992 ) argues it can be noted that the chief impacts affected by the tourers and host relationship are the presentation consequence, that is when the behavior of the hosts community is developed in such a manner to copy the tourers. During their stay in a finish tourists interact with the local occupants and this interaction brings an result such as alterations in the quality of life of the host s community, value system, labour division, household relationships, attitudes, behavioral forms, ceremonials and originative looks, Fox ( 1977 ) ; Cohen ( 1984 ) ; Pizam and Milman ( 1984 ) . De Kadt ( 1979 ) have stated that the brushs of tourers and the hosts occur when tourers are purchasing goods and services from any host single where there are at the same topographic point and at the same clip and where they can interchange thoughts and information. Another type of brush which occurs in touristry is where there is a failure in advancing common apprehension among different states and stereotypes prevail, Nettekoven ( 1979 ) ; Krippendorf ( 1987 ) ; OGrady ( 1990 ) . In add-on, White ( 1974 ) ; Brougham and Butler ( 1977 ) ; Jeffs and Tavis ( 1989 ) ; Wallace ( 1997 ) reported that socio-cultural impacts of touristry besides include alteration in the linguistic communication that is used in a finish growing in the ingestion of alkies, offense, harlotry and chancing Young ( 1973 ) ; Graburn 1983 ; OGrady ( 1990 ) . Harmonizing to Brunt and Courtney ( 1999 ) argued that socio cultural impacts of when there is the interaction of tourists-host could be utilized to host oc cupants and was affected by their function and their relationship within the touristry industry. 2.1.4 Communities Perspective of Tourism Fredline, ( 2004 ) considered the attitude of local people the big scope of the positive and negative impacts of touristry on the community at big and single can be analysed. Ratz ( 2002 ) said that the lives of the host s community are changed by two major factors which are viz. the tourists-host relationship and the development of the touristry industry itself. Local people and foreign companies are encouraged to put in different types of tourer endeavors Larsen ( 1998 ) and this is looked in such a scheme to actuate economic activities to take topographic point which will do the province become richer. In a host community, non every people perceive the impacts of touristry in the same mode. Researchs say that the degree of satisfaction of occupants in a finish and their attitudes in relation to touristry are conditional on their perceptual experience of the impact of touristry. Resident s reponse to touristry impacts It is of import to cognize the reaction of occupants to touristry and the schemes that they use to minimise the negative impacts from the touristry exchange. Two theories which is the Doxey Irridex theoretical account and the touristry country life-cycle theoretical account by pantryman ( 1980 ) were used to to explicate occupant s reactions to touristry. However it has been said that these two theories are excessively unidirectional and massive, being non able to place that different sets of schemes may be available at the same time within a part, Dogan ( 1989 ) . The theories that have been viewed in the past old ages as the most efficient 1s, were based on the option of the Butler ( 1975 ) and of Dogan ( 1989 ) : Butler ( 1975 ) describing a past work by Bjorkland and Philbrick, analysed the advancement that occurs when two or more civilizations come into interaction and suggested this work within the residents-tourist relationship ; he stated that the occupant s attitudes can be favorable and unfavorable during their communicating and occupant s behavioral response towards touristry could be working or digesting from these differences, a four-cell continuity topologies was developed. 2.1.5 Socio-Cultural sustainability Cultural sustainability is the care of local values, the manner that people live in their environment and individuality Heikkinen et Al. ( 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Besculides, Lee, A ; McCornick, 2002 ; Simpson, ( 2008 ) the cultural and societal as facet of sustainability may be supported by touristry development by allowing a alteration of worsening traditional industries appealing substructure development advancing pride mentioning to civilization and community, furthering cultural credence amongst visitants, maintaining cultural heritage, furthering transverse institutional credence and convey into being educational favourable fortunes. However, Liu ( 2003 ) ; Stronza, ( 2007 ) , argued that touristry can convey up new life styles, belief, and values to hosts, and come through alterations in the life signifier of the communities. 2.1.6 Positive socio-cultural impact of touristry United Nations, ( 1996 ) ; Jamaica Sustainable Development Network, 2001 ; Tourism Product Development Company ( 2005 ) ; du Cros ; ( 2001 ) , Tourism brings into part of an betterment of the societal substructure in a finish. Cultural development can be considered as a positive impact of touristry. Assorted state of affairss exist where touristry is the active force behind the saving and consciousness of local civilization and traditions. 2.1.7 Negative socio-cultural impacts of touristry For some islands, there are negative societal impact that are created due to touristry. An addition in the monetary value leads to a autumn in the criterion of life of the local community. Fishermans are deprived from their business. Sometimes locals are prevented to acquire entree to public beaches as most hotels give precedence to tourers to bask the beaches and therefore locals are left with lone portion of the beaches. Furthermore, there are capacity issues where the beaches are overcrowded which leads to traffic congestion and noise pollution, change by reversal socialization and high offense rates besides occur ( United Nations, 1996 ; PA Consulting Group, ( 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Hejazeen ( 2007 ) , he distinguished the socio-cultural impacts of touristry on five communities at five historical sites around Jordan. In Petra Hejazeen ( 2007 ) noticed that there were a figure of negative impacts such as people get downing to devour alcohol drinks, kids who are non traveling to s chool, and the job of co-modification whereby the local people imitate the tourers. 2.1.8 Physical influences doing societal emphasis The physical power that increasing touristry has on a finish can do societal emphasis because this brush the local community. Cultural devolution such as harm to cultural heritage may take topographic point from hooliganism, littering, pilferage and illegal remotion of cultural heritage points or by altering the historical landscape that surrounds it. Resource usage struggles will originate because there is a competition between the host community and the tourers for doing usage of premier resources such as H2O and energy which are limited in supply. Conflicts will originate when there will be the building of hotels in coastal countries. 2.2.8 Culture Clangs As touristry is the motion of people to different topographic points geographically and topographic points of societal relation between tourers and the hosts, civilization clangs may come frontward because of differences in their civilizations, cultural and spiritual groups, values, life styles, linguistic communications and degrees of prosperity. There will be economic inequality between local people and the tourers as they spend more than they frequently spend in an economic system. 2.2.9 Behaviour of tourers doing annoyance Tourists normally fail to esteem local people and their moral values due to carelessness in a finish. They may non esteem the locals traditions by taking images where they are non allowed to make so and they may besides be non good dressed in spiritual topographic points like temples, mosques, and church. 2.2.3 Crime Jud ( 1975 ) stated that sum of condemnable motion confronting foreign tourers grows as the figure of illegal opportunities addition. He besides said that the more tourers reaching in a finish will ensue in more opportunities for offense to take topographic point. However, Lin and Loeb ( 1977 ) argued that there might non be a certain connexion between tourers and condemnable activities. Furthermore, Bernasco and Luykx ( 2003 ) stated that there are three factors which pull offenses against belongings and these are attraction, chance and handiness. As a consequence if communities do non protect themselves and amiss put in order by external bureaus, some persons will precise their personal disposition and devotedness towards condemnable behavior. Furthermore, Shaw and Mc Kay ( 1992 ) stated that a weak organisational signifier within a community may bring forth an environment more favourable for felons against people and frailty versa. 2.3.1 Job degree clash There has been a deficiency of professional preparation and low-paid touristry occupations such as server, cleaner horticulture are offered to local people whereas the higher-paying occupations are like managerial occupations are offered to aliens. 2.3.2 Change of local individuality and values Conventional touristry can convey impact alteration or loss of acknowledgment and values and leads to influences as stated below: 2.3.3 Commercialization of local civilization Tourism can turn local civilization into merchandise and this is when spiritual traditions, local imposts and festivals are diminished to set to tourist outlooks and this has been called as reconstructed ethnicity. 2.3.4 Standardization A finish purpose is to fulfill and it risk standardisation, adjustment, nutrient and drinks, etc must run into the privation of the tourers in a finish 2.3.5 Adaptation to tourist demands In finish tourers have the desire to purchase keepsakes, humanistic disciplines, trades, cultural manifestations. Craftsmen in many tourers finishs have changed their merchandises by planing new types to do them fit the new client s gustatory sensations. 2.3.6 Increase of Prostitution and sex touristry Harmonizing to the WTO ( World Tourism Organisation ) experts ( 1994 ) sex touristry has its chief purpose that consequence of a commercial sexual relationship. Sexual activity touristry is perfectly touchable brush in which the spouse is non any longer an alive object. Many work forces go to Asia to take Asiatic misss because no communicating is possible. Sex workers can be migratory adult females in a finish from neighboring states. Furthermore, sex touristry has impacted to an addition in AIDS in India. It has been discovered that upper class hotels have their supply for sex touristry to take topographic point. Sexual activity touristry is besides linked to drug pedlars who search for long holiday tourers at inexpensive finishs. 2.3.7 The economic impacts of touristry Loomis and Walsh ( 1997 ) stated that concerns and public organisations are increasingly demoing involvement in the economic impacts of touristry at national, province and local degrees as the touristry industry contributes to the state s balance of payment ( BOP ) and this provide a great supply of income, said Tatoglu, Erdal, Ozgur, A ; Azakli, ( 2000 ) . The World Traven and Tourism Council ( 2012 ) reported that touristry can be good to an economic system in footings of increasing the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . Furthermore, Andereck Valentine, Knopf and Vogt ( 2005 ) reported that touristry industries can hold a positive consequence on the economic system of a community by set uping diverseness, and revenue enhancement gross. Furthermore touristry is taken into consideration as a determiner that provides a higher living criterion and which consequence to pull investors to make investings and tourers to pass which as a consequence creates greater benefits than costs Brida, reported Osti A ; Faccioli, ( 2011 ) . 2.3.8 The benefits that tourism conveying in an economic system Rithie, 2000 ; Carolson A ; Millan, ( 2002 ) ; Getz, ( 2005 ) said that the events in a finish tend to better the substructure and development capacity. Westerbeek et Al. ( 2005, p. 133 ) reported that when substructure is good articulated consisting of physical locales, adjustment and installations such as conveyance can take a an even to success and cut downing costs, bettering the convenience of witness, every bit good as the jock and long term benefits for the local community when the event ends. 2.3.9 Multiplier consequence Tourism as a supply of income is hard to mensurate, this is because it creates multiplier consequence Clarke et Al, ( 2009 ) ; Brida et Al, ( 2010 ) ; Rastegar, ( 2010 ) . Multiplier consequence is the copiousness of money which is generated due to tourist disbursement in an economic system it increases as it passes through different countries of the economic system reported Dritsakis, ( 2008 ) ; Boopen, ( 2006 ) . Tourism does non merely take to employment chances but besides motivates growing in the primary and secondary sectors of the industry. Primary touristry sectors viz. , lodging, dining, transit, amusements and retail trade are influenced straight and most of the other sectors are have impacts of the secondary effects. 2.4 Direct consequence in the economic system These are production alterations which are linked with the existent effects of alterations in touristry outgos. An addition in the figure of tourers remaining in a hotel would take to an addition in net incomes due to gross revenues in the hotel sector. Direct effects of tourers passing besides include hotel payments for rewards and wages, revenue enhancements, and supplies and services. 2.4.1 Indirect consequence in the economic system This is the re disbursement of the hotel industry s grosss in other behind industries. For illustration industries which supplies merchandises and services to hotels. Alteration in gross revenues, occupations, and income in the linen supply industry shows another country of indirect effects after all linking hotels to assorted grades to multiple other economic sectors in the part. 2.4.2 Induced consequence in the economic system Induced consequence is the household income earned straight or indirectly by touristry disbursement. For illustration employees from the hotel and employees from the linen supply are supported straight and indirectly by touristry, they spend their money in the local part disbursals of lodging, nutrient, transit and disbursement of added pay, salary, or proprietors income are considered as induced consequence. 2.4.3 Indirect effects of touristry on GDP ( Gross Domestic Product ) Tourism is a large component of the services economic system, stand foring 30 % of international trade in services. Taking into history of the gross, the T20 states generate about 70 % of planetary tourer activity. In add-on, the part that touristry can do to the growing of the economic system is found in its indirect impacts, which in the T20 states demoing over 45 % of touristry s entire parts to the GDP. These indirect impacts which are linked both to goods and services bought by the touristry sector and to investing and public disbursement multiplied by touristry are an of import factor of economic growing. 2.4.4 The exchange rate consequence of touristry Tourism is a major foreign currency earner as it supplies the market with foreign currency and this market would non be if touristry would non be so big. This diminishes the cost of foreign currency below what it would otherwise be. 2.4.5 Creation of employment Harmonizing to Bridenhann and Wickens, ( 2004 ) , touristry is an industries among many other industries which has the highest power to lend towards occupation creative activity and economic development, particularly in rural countries. 2.4.6 Environmental impact of touristry Negative environmental impacts takes topographic point when the degree of visitants in a state exceeds the transporting capacity of an environment or usage greater infinite that is required for an environment. When it is uncontrolled, it brings menaces to many natural countries around the universe. The environment quality, natural and semisynthetic is of great importance to touristry. However, the relationship with the environment is intricate. The environmental impact is related with the building of the general substructure in a finish such as roads and airdromes, and of the installations of touristry, such as resorts, hotels, eating houses, stores, golf classs. As the negative impacts of touristry can destruct the environment in the long-run, and these impacts should be minimized. Further literature of the negative environmental impact of touristry is as follows: 2.4.7 Land Degradation The of import resources of land are fertile dirt, woods, wetlands and wildlife. Due to an addition in the building of touristry installations at that place has been force per unit area on these resources. Direct impact can be caused by supplying tourers with the installations needed such as adjustment and other substructure needed on the environment. Furthermore, when there is deforestation, forest frequently suffers from this catastrophe. 2.4.8 Air and noise pollution Pollution is something harmful that begins into the environment and these harmful stuffs are called pollutants. It can be natural such as volcanic ash. Pollution can be besides produced by human activity for illustration rubbish or overflow produced by mills. Pollutants damage the quality of air, H2O and land. There are assorted things that are utile to people create pollution. Cars eject pollutants from their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to bring forth electricity pollutes the air. Industries and places spread refuse and sewerage that can foul the land and H2O. 2.4.9 Impacts on Biodiversity Tourism can do loss of biodiversity in assorted ways for illustration by viing the wildlife for home ground and natural resources. Negative impact on biodiversity can be caused by treading, emphasis in animate beings, import of occupying species, devastation of home grounds, marine home ground impairment. 2.5 Strain on H2O resources Water is one of the of import resource that is needed to last and for a concern to go on to run H2O is need in the mundane operation of the concern. Hotels usage H2O in swimming pools, golf classs and besides H2O is used by the tourers for personal usage. Therefore there is a inclination for deficit of H2O and bring forthing a greater volume of effluent. 2.5.1 Energy Use Hotels use immense volume of H2O. Tourists remaining in a hotel usage on mean 1/3 more H2O per twenty-four hours than a local dweller. The ingestion of energy per M2 per twelvemonth by one star hotel is 157kwh ( 380 KWh in a four star hotel ) ( EEA, 2003 ) . However, the substructure is non suited as it has been designed to get by with peak periods. 2.5.2 The function of the UNWTO, ( United Nations World Tourism Organisation ) towards the environment In order to forestall the unfavourable impacts of clime alteration, the IPCC studies 2007 need 25-40 % emanation decrease sphere for the Annex 1 Parties ( industrialised states ) by 2020, compared to the footing twelvemonth 1995. 2.5.3 Natural resource depletion Natural resource depletion, the use of land alteration, pollution and the debasement of the environment are the dominant impacts on the environment because of the speedy enlargement of touristry in many finishs and without appropriate schemes to protect natural-cultural resources from the force per unit area of touristry Bramwell and Lane, ( 2010 ) ; Davenport and Davenport, ( 2006 ) ; Gossling, ( 2002 ) ; Favro et al. , ( 2010 ) ; Kuvan, ( 2005 ) ; Madan and Rawat, ( 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Welford et al. , ( 1999 ) said that sustainable touristry has been contending with uncontrolled and unplanned touristry and this includes steps to decrease the negative impacts that mass touristry causes such as the devastation of delicate ecosystem and local civilization and besides the depletion of natural resources. 2.5.4 Ecotourism Society ( Ties ) which is an ecotourism society argued that ecotourism is people going responsibly to countries of nature and they keep the environment clean by being witting about their act towards the environment and better the wellbeing of the local people. With the activity of ecotourism, most of the net incomes remain in the local economic system and it is of a smaller proportion and holding low import escape. 2.5.5 The finish lifecycle About all finishs have a lifecycle. Harmonizing to the pantryman theoretical account, the basic thought of 1980 is that a finish starts about unknown and there is besides a limited figure of visitants as due to deficiency of entree, installations, and local cognition which is labeled as the geographic expedition phase Miller and Gallucci, ( 2004 ) . Butler s Tourism Area Lifecycle Model 2.5.6 The 7 phases of tourer development Exploration: The geographic expedition phase is when merely a little figure of tourers visit a finish. At this phase, the country remains good since there are few tourers and the handiness of installations is limited. The finish is deserted and has a sleepy visual aspect with small or there might be no development. At this phase, a limited figure of concerns exist and the provided installations are owned by the local people. Engagement: The engagement phase includes local people that start to supply installations to tourers within the finish and it becomes to be recognized as a tourer finish. In the engagement phase, there is an interaction between the locals and the visitants and this will stay high. Tooman ( 1996 ) , said that the engagement phase is where touristry does non impact the economic system, it can make desirable effects and the benefits goes to the local people be bring forthing linkages, economic diverseness, and more clip to set up the history to command growing of the touristry sector. Development: The development phase takes topographic point when the host state starts to do people cognizant about the finish through advertisement and the country starts to be recognized as a tourer finish. At this phase the local people tend to back up the consequence that touristry conveying to their state because it contributes economically, Bramwell ( 2003 ) . Consolidation: This is where the finish continues to pull the figure of tourers. The growing of tourers Numberss may non be fast as in the other phases as there exists some tensenesss between the host community and the tourer. Stagnation: The stagnancy phase takes topographic point when the installations that are provided to tourers start to go old as tourers are bored with the installations which has been provided long ago. At this phase, the figure of tourers in a finish may take to a diminution. Rejuvenation: Rejuvenation occurs when there is the demand for betterment. At this phase, investing and modernisation may happen and may ensue to an addition in visitants Numberss. Decline: The diminution phase occurs when the greening ( phase ) has non taken topographic point yet. As a consequence, people working in the touristry industry lose their occupations and the image of the finish besides suffers. 2..5.7 What is civilization? Culture has a specific function in the reconstitution of an urban economic system and individuality, an spread outing literature appears on culture-led regeneration in the metropoliss of the improved universe. Regeneration is the complete alteration of a topographic point that is demoing cogent evidence of physical, societal and economic diminution, said Evan ( 2005 ) . However, civilization is said to be an inducement for the regeneration development, although the judge articulate the chief clangs. Jensen ( 2007 ) reported that while culture-led regeneration work attempt to re-build the urban economic system and image, they frequently offer concern to development ends such as economic, belongings development and urban entrepreneurialism instead than the sort of life aims, the safety of local beings, societal justness. Hofstede, ( 2001 ) ; Reschner, ( 1969 ) reported that civilization can come on easy over clip or may modify wholly in a short clip period due to a fluctuation in engin eering, alteration in values, inclusion by another more dominating civilization and catastrophe of large-scale and country as wars affliction and natural semisynthetic catastrophes. Furthermore, Richards and Wilson, ( 2006 ) ; Zukin, ( 1995 ) reported that cultural heritage is the chief attractive force of metropoliss, cultural heritage preserves the cultural values of the topographic point and links people to their assembled memories, they besides said that metropoliss have now made a concern of civilization and cultural topographic points in most instances become more market-oriented because of lessenings in the degree of public support, reported Richard, ( 1996 ) . However, while civilization remain an of import component for touristry and urban economic system, the meaning of civilization becomes more unsure. Jensen ( 2007 ) defines civilization as a manner of life, while cultural assets becomes the creative activity of a topographic point that includes both touchable and intangible qualities. Hence cultural touristry is no more somewhat the imaged decline of high civilization graphicss such as galleries, theatres and architecture, but is turning for the inc lusion of giving visitants the chance of swamping off the ambiance, Galdini, 2007 ; Richards, 1996 ) . Reisinger A ; Turner, ( 1999 ) stated that while there is no universally agreed definition of civilization, there is no transcultural variable by which civilization can wholly differentiated and successfully compared. In researching in the image of a finish, nationality is likely to be the cardinal asking variable to understand differences in perceptual experience among visitants holding assorted civilizations, Beerli A ; Martin, ( 2004 ) ; A Campo A ; Garau, 2008 ; A Joppe et al. , ( 2001 ) ; A MacKay A ; Fesenmaier, ( 1997 ) ; A Mayo A ; Jarvis, ( 1981 ) ; A Prayag A ; Ryan, ( 2011 ) ; A Ryan A ; Cave, ( 2005 ) .A Dann ( 1993, pp 108-109 ) argued as touristry is a planetary phenomenon societies in a finish are non any longer in an orderly manner and this does non do sense to take into consideration national designation within many societies as many tourer have different nationalities and the state where they have taken birth may non be the same as the state of their nationality. Furthermore, civilization and individuality issues must be taken into history as these are a challenge in offering sustainability in touristry, as respects guaranting sustainability in touristry, continuing existent civilization and individuality of people who are populating and working at touristry finishs. Additionally, touristry will take to a disappearing of local individuality and values Griswold, ( 2004 ) ; A Hitchcock, ( 1999 ) ; A Santos A ; Buzinde, ( 2007 ) . 2.5.8 Social Exchange Theory Blau ( 1964, p.91 ) stated that ( SET ) refers to societal exchange as voluntary actions of persons that are inspirited by what they expect in returns to convey and normally execute in fact bring from others. ( SET ) makes spouses in a relationship more affiliated and organizes common trust, Moore and Cunningham III, ( 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Long, Perdue and Allen ( 1990 ) reported that there has been a favourable attitude toward touristry was straight linked to back up for growing of the tourer base. SET consists of a psychological and sociological position that demonstrates the alteration and stableness as a method of discussed exchanges between people in society. In taking into history of the human societal interactions, societal exchange theory operates on the belief that persons are in most instances rational and acquire into computations of costs and benefits in societal exchanges. This exchange of benefits is besides encase in the cultural construct of guanxi or relationsh ips among the Chinese people which have affected concern relationship for centuries in Asia. Furthermore, ( SET ) forecasts societal relationships to be established on each spouse s motivational part and foreseen net incomes. ( SET ) besides says that clients involve themselves in a relationship because they want to accomplish something that by themselves they can non in turn achieve. Customers will besides confirm whether they want to maintain the relationship or to stop it.

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During the presentation is a great time to use testimonal to The selling process isnt over until the order is approved and the customers is happy. The sales relationship may continue for years as you respond to new request for information. Salesperson realy needs to be providers of solutions to their customers and also needs to think about happen after the sale. The follow up step includes handling customers complaints ,making sure the customers questions are answered and quickly supplying what the customers wants. Steps involved in setting up a public relations programme Public relations refer to a firms communications and relationships with its various publics. These publics include customers, suppliers, stockholders, employees, the government, the general public, and the society in which the organization operates. It is the management function that evaluates public attitudes and procedures in response to public request. Publicity is the marketing-oriented aspect of public relations. It can be defined as non personal stimulation of demand for a good, service, person, cause, or organization through unpaid placement of significant news about it in a published medium or through a favorable presentation of it on the radio, television, or stage. Of course, bad publicity can damage a companys reputation and diminish brand equity. Public Relations has three steps:- Listen to the public: Public relation start with good marketing research. Change Policies and procedures : Businesses dont earn understanding by bombarding the public with propaganda, they earn understanding by having programs and policies and practices in their public interest . Inform people that youre being responsive to their needs: Its not enough to simply have programs in the public interest. You have to tell the public about those programs so that they know youre being responsive Public relations has more power to influence consumers because the message comes from source that is perceived as being more trustworthy. Advantages of Publicity: Creates a positive attitude toward a product or company Enhances credibility of a product or company Disadvantages of Publicity: May not permit accurate measurement of effect on sales Involves much effort directed toward non-marketing-oriented goals 5.Promotional techniques used to reach customers There are several Promotional techniques that encourage/stimulate customers to patronize a specific retail store or to try a specific product. These promotional techniques give various benefits/bonuses to customers and these are mainly classified as 1.Coupons: This is the most common technique which usually reduce the purchase price or offered as cash. Need to state the offer clearly and make it easy to recognize. 2. HandoutAwash in Coupons Looks at the volume of coupons (323 bn) and the poor redemption rate (less than 3%). Looks at more innovative media to deliver coupons (currently over 80% are delivered via the Sunday paper).in store by the products, as customers exit the store based on purchasesdiscussed delivering coupons to customers as they enter the store, using a card that swipes to indicate past purchases. Past buying behavior is the best predictor of future buying patterns Users only redeem coupons they would ordinarily purchase. 75% of the coupons are redeemed by consumers who would buy the brand already. . 3 Demonstrations: Excellent attention getters. Labor costs are usually high. 4. Frequent User Incentives: Major airlines, helps foster customer loyalty to a specific company. Credit card companies. Trading stamps-Co-ops back in England, foster retail loyalty. 5. Point of Purchase Display: Outside signs, window displays, counter pieces, display racks. 90% of retailers believe that point of purchase materials sell products. Essential for product introductions. Also with 2/3 of purchasing decisions made in the store, they are important. 6. Free Samples: Stimulate trial of product. Increase sales volume at the early stage of the product life cycle and obtain desirable distribution .Most expensive sales promotion technique. Not appropriate for mature products and slow turnover products. 7. Money Refunds/Rebates: Submit proof of purchase and mail specific refund, usually need multiple purchase for refund. Helps promote trial use, due to the complexity of the refund, it has little impact. Customers have a poor perception of rebate offered products. Used extensively in the Auto and Computer industry. 8. Premium Items: Offered free or at minimum cost as a bonus. Used to attract competitors customers,different sizes of established products. McDonalds Last summer the following tie-in premium programs. Casper with Pepsi, Pizza Hut, Choice Hotels Congo with Taco Bell Batman Forever with McDonalds, Kelloggs , Six Flags, Sears Pocahontas with Chrysler, Nestle, General Mills, Burger King Mighty Morphin with McDonalds Cents-off Offer: Strong incentive for trying a product-very similar to coupons, but are a part of the package. Consumer Contests and Sweepstakes: Consumers compete based on their analytical or creative skills. Must be accurate or you will anger customers/retailers. Sweepstakes are prohibited in some states. Conclusion From the above discussion of various Promotion and sales technique we conclude that promotion with advertising is a part of total system approach that lead to maketing principles. Promotion and sales are interdependent on each other. It helps to increase demand for the product with a view to increase the companys sale and profit.

Angels and Demons by Dan Brown Essay -- Angels and Demons Dan Brown Es

Angels and Demons by Dan Brown Title of the book: Angels and Demons Author: Dan Brown Year original book was published: 2000 Four words to describe the author: Cosmopolitan, Witty, Articulate, Sophisticated Characters in the book: The Hassassin: Strong, Merciless Commander Olivetti: Disciplined, Stubborn The Camerlengo/Janus: Deceitful, Powerful Cardinal Mortati: Fortunate, Patient Robert Langdon: Clever, Cautious Leonardo Vetra: Humanitarian, Loving Victoria Vetra: Gorgeous, Dangerous Maximilian Kohler: Cold, Ruthless Setting of the book: This novel takes place during present times, but has several historical facts dating back several hundred years. The setting takes place from Harvard University in Massachusettes to Rome, Italy where Vatican City is located. The story takes place from underground tunnel systems and secret society dungeons and lairs, to the inside of famous architectual feats such as the Vatican Archives. Was the setting very important or not so important to the events of the story? Yes, the setting was absolutely crucial for this novels plot and storyline. With the entire story devoted to the Catholicism and its root of power, Vatican City had to be the setting for this exciting novel. Without Vatican City and Rome in our story, the most critical details would have been forgotten. Without factual settings and places to help build and construct the thrilling and action packed scenes, the reader would have difficulty following along with this fast pace trek. What is the main conflict in the book? There were three major conflicts in this novel, all of equal importance to the stories plot. With the Anti-Matter device threatening to blow up Vatican City and half of Rome, the Illuminati Hassassin kidnapping cardinals, leaving them for dead on the eve of â€Å"conclave,† and trying to keep everything from the public gives this book mulitiple conflicts. How was this conflict resolved? The conflict is resolved when Robert and Victoria are no longer able to save anymore Cardinals lives, but follow the suspected Hassassin. When they reach him, Victoria is captured and Commander Olivetti is murdered. When Robert follows the Hassassin and frees Victoria, killing the Hassassin in the process, they return to Vatican City and the Camerlengo. With the Camerlengo’s help, they are are able to locate the Anti-Matter device and... ...d eye, has now gone missing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vittoria and Robert travel to the Vatican in an attempt to help find the canister (before it†¦explodes!) and bring all things dark into the illumination, so-to-speak. They get to The Vatican just in the nick of time- it is about to be closed since the papal election is about to start- but they do get in. The horror of it is-should the anti-matter canister explode, the entire upper echelon of the Catholic Church would be wiped out in an instant. Brown’s conjecture here is that so would a lot of the wealth of the Catholic Church, because all those rumored â€Å"treasures of the Vatican† would be vaporized in the fireball. And then, with the deaths of a lot of Catholic Church leaders gathered in Europe, and the erasure of a lot of the Catholic Church’s money, it would he only a matter of hours before the church would all fall apart like a big house of cards, and then, presumably, would all the Protestant and Independent churches all come tum bling down, and Christianity would Be No More. Meanwhile, back at the Rancho-de-Vaticano, helped by the Swiss Guard, Robert and Vittoria do their best to solve the riddles and right the wrongs†¦before it is too late.

Cyborg-Identity

The thesis statement of the paper is â€Å"the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity†. This topic is very important from the perspective of human computer interaction and computer science today. The humans are not only able to create multiple identities on the internet, but they are also able to interact with others being in a transmutable identity. This paper will explain how these boundaries have been blurred and what joys of artifice can a person enjoy through making multiple identities on the internet.With the introduction of social networking systems in the past few years, the Cyborg identity is becoming more of a reality than a myth. The line between being the person himself and adopting another identity is getting blurred with the introduction of new technologies. Cyborg: a Metaphor? With the combination of hardware, software and internet, the cyborg identity can be identified as one of the most visible figures of the cybernetic age. Cyborg is a biological being with another identity or a kinetic state that can be adopted easily when switching between environments.This could only be achieved through technological augmentation. Although the kinetic state of a cyborg identity is not real and can be referred to as virtual reality, but it allows one to escape from the physical constraints and confinement of the body and recreate a new digital identity through the use of graphics, three-dimensional technology, internet, hardware and a combination of software. The use of these devices and concepts has not only allowed the humans to create their cyborg identities, but also to experience new worlds and environments through that identity.With the global adoption of the World Wide Web, the cyborg identity has evolved strategically in our imaginations as a metaphor of the 21st Century. According to Kevin Warwick, humans have now become cyb orgs through conducting a series of ground breaking experiments and innovations. Kevin Warwick, who is a professor of robotics and cybernetics, believes that the humans have got the power to change their identity in the virtual world where time and place does not matter (Stephen).Transforming into another identity can cost nothing to the humans. They just need to register on the virtual worlds on the internet, design their new identity and just start interacting with the environment. This ease of identity transformation could have never perceived in the past. However, cyborg can now never be used as a metaphor as cyborgs now exist (Nishant). The Ease of Transforming It was never thought that humans could be identified as cyborgs and it was not even imagined that becoming a cyborg would be so easy and free of cost.For a cyborg experience, a person just has to connect to the internet, register himself on the website, create an avatar and then the human is ready to experience a digital body and physique. Most of the websites do not even require any payment to register the users while the others which are more secure require as little payment as US$ 5. To design the identity and the physical look of the cyborg in the virtual world, a number of software are available which are very easy to use. Transforming the identity is now a requirement for the business professionals as well as the youngsters who want to socialize in their social circle.A person is required to switch to his digital identity when making payments online and when getting involved in the digital transaction on the internet. Cyborg is now a mechanism that is crucial for the survival of urban human beings (Nishant). A person is not required to take classes or lessons for creating a digital identity in the 21st Century, nor are billions of dollars required to get transformed. Switching identity to and fro the digital world and the real world is much easier and cheaper than it was though in the past.Te chnological breakthroughs have allowed this ease of switching to the digital identity. The capabilities and the abilities that are learnt by the cyborg in one of the identities can be used in other identity efficiently and effectively in today’s world. These aspects of the digital identity are blurring the boundaries between the self being and the different digital identities. Artifice through Graphics In social networking websites and virtual worlds, the use of virtual bodies and digital identities are getting more and more common.According to the academics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the humans are just a year away from being able to download their consciousness into the computers (Land). The humans have the power to design different bodies, control them and change them whenever they want through the use of graphic software. The digital appearance of the humans might not be the same as the real appearance. This is why a person is said to be creating a differen t identity through the use of internet. The new identity over the internet is an artificial identity which may not resemble the real identity of a person.The personal attributes such as the name, weight, skin color, hair color, eyes, nose and built might be differently represented over the internet. The Boundaries between Fact and Fiction The humans have the power to intermingle fact and fiction as they have got the power to generate new identities and transform to a form of machine. The interaction with other digital humans over the internet might just be based on lies and the identity may be based on fiction. Different cultures and the aspects of nature that do not even exist in reality can be designed in the virtual worlds.The boundaries between fact and fiction have also blurred with the advent of digital identities. Human and computer interaction has been increased at a rate that was never imagined. Instead of interacting with the real world, an urban person spends most of the time on computers and internet in the virtual worlds. With the boundaries between fact and fiction diminishing over the internet, the new generation might not even be aware of the real world as all the interactions are taking place in the virtual world.With redefinition of the sense of one’s own body in a world changed by culture and technology, the humans are more likely to experience fiction than facts. The humans might like to live in the world of fantasy than in the real world. According to Nishant, this may make us the things that we have created (Nishant). An example is that a person who is gay might fulfill his fantasies on the internet through creating a digital identity and interacting with other men. In real life the person might be very scared of the society and afraid of others to fulfill his fantasies (Dennis). DehumanizingWith the help of social networking websites such as Facebook. com Web 2. 0 applications like activeworlds. com and secondlife. com, the person is able to create a different identity which is unreal. These websites and application are forcing the humans to dehumanize and get involved in computer devices and software most of the time (Land). While the person is switched to the digital identity, he feels that he is living in a cyborg dream. Everything is unreal and still feels real. Most of the interaction today in the youngsters is done on social community websites such as Facebook.com and myspace. com. Profiles are the identifiers of these humans which contain the physical attribute and pictorial attributes. These profiles can be unreal as well as there are no checks done to prevent unrealism. The attributes such as name, gender and age can be misrepresented on the internet to consumer unfair advantage over the other (Liff). The advances in technology and the movement towards cybernetic humans have forced us to ignore many issues that will be faced by the computer experts in the future. ConclusionIt has been revealed in th e discussion that the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity. A human is started is be identified through the digital identity and this identity now plays a crucial part in the life of a human. Works Cited Dennis, C. â€Å"Gay, Queer, and Cyborg: the performance of identity in a transglobal age. † Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 22. 3 (2001): 297-309. Grey, J. â€Å"Human-Computer Interaction in Life Drawing, a Fine Artist’s Perspective.† Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’02). The Computer Society, 2002. Land, C. â€Å"Book Review : How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. † Information Technology & People 14. 1 (2001): 350. Liff, S. â€Å"Book Review : Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. † Information Technology & People 16. 4 (2003): 484-486. Nishant, S. â€Å"Material cyborgs; asserted boundaries. † European Journal of English Studies 12. 2 (2008): 211-225. Stephen, K. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press, 2004.

Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians

Societies and or small groups of people living together for an extended amount of time begin to acquire similar knowledge, behaviors and materials regarding other members and the environment around them. Societies also have to learn proper ways to interact with their environment to effectively live within it. These societies need to be careful not to exhaust or over exploit any part of the environment, it is important to give to the environment simultaneously as it gives back to the people. These common areas regarding interactions between societies, people, and the environment they live in combine to create a culture that these people adapt to and follow as the basis for their society. This culture determines how the people should act, the values and beliefs they have, the material they use to perform daily activities and, simply, their role as each member in the society they live in. The adaptation of culture within a society is generally effected and shaped by the environment they live in. Many of the actions, knowledge, beliefs, behaviors and materials used by a culture may have originated from environmental factors forcing the society to adapt such cultural components. A society living in the tropical rainforest or other humid places may wear little clothing as a minor adaptation they face from their environment. Their clothing style may be adapted as part of their culture along with many other aspects facing the environment a culture lives in. Another adaptation is the food people eat; this is a direct correlation to the area they live in and the readily available products surrounding their homes. There is an infinite amount of adaptations a society may face depending on the environment around them, all impacting on their culture significantly. The Guarani Indians are a noteworthy example of a culture that works together with their environment to continue the existence of both themselves and the environment. They work with their... Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians Free Essays on Adaptation And The Guarani Indians Societies and or small groups of people living together for an extended amount of time begin to acquire similar knowledge, behaviors and materials regarding other members and the environment around them. Societies also have to learn proper ways to interact with their environment to effectively live within it. These societies need to be careful not to exhaust or over exploit any part of the environment, it is important to give to the environment simultaneously as it gives back to the people. These common areas regarding interactions between societies, people, and the environment they live in combine to create a culture that these people adapt to and follow as the basis for their society. This culture determines how the people should act, the values and beliefs they have, the material they use to perform daily activities and, simply, their role as each member in the society they live in. The adaptation of culture within a society is generally effected and shaped by the environment they live in. Many of the actions, knowledge, beliefs, behaviors and materials used by a culture may have originated from environmental factors forcing the society to adapt such cultural components. A society living in the tropical rainforest or other humid places may wear little clothing as a minor adaptation they face from their environment. Their clothing style may be adapted as part of their culture along with many other aspects facing the environment a culture lives in. Another adaptation is the food people eat; this is a direct correlation to the area they live in and the readily available products surrounding their homes. There is an infinite amount of adaptations a society may face depending on the environment around them, all impacting on their culture significantly. The Guarani Indians are a noteworthy example of a culture that works together with their environment to continue the existence of both themselves and the environment. They work with their...

Dreams Essays - A Dream, Dream, Verbal Language In Dreams

Dreams Essays - A Dream, Dream, Verbal Language In Dreams Dreams A dream is a dream, is a dream. So come with me to a place not so far away where a dream is a dream and skies arent so grey. A dream is a dream, is a dream. So come with me and fly away. So come with me and fly away to a place where theres always a way, and no reason not to stay. So stay with me in this place tonight, I promise you Ill hold you tight. A dream is a dream, is a dream, so please stay with me in this dream tonight

Assesment 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assesment 2 - Coursework Example In a market economy the price system automatically acts as a rationing instrument. With the help of the diagram given above we can easily explain the determination of market price and at the given demand and supply functions and the system will not allow either of the agents to exploit other. The horizontal and vertical axes measure quantity and price respectively. D is the market demand curve showing the one to one correspondence between price and market demand. S is the market supply curve that reflects the producers’ behaviour. S is nothing but the one to one correspondence between market price and supply of it. Equilibrium is achieved at point E where market demand equals market supply. The equilibrium level of price is OP* and quantity is OQ*. Now we consider that producers want to exploit the consumers by charging higher price. What will be the impact$2 Let’s consider that the producer charges new price OP**. At that price level the producers will be willing to supply OQ** amount of output while the consumers are willing to purchase OQd amount of the product. Hence at price OP** the market will face excess demand to the extent AB. This excess demand would cause a downward pressure on price as the producers have the unsold stock in the hand. Price fall would be followed by contraction in supply (movement from B to E) and extension in demand (movement from A to E). This process is continued unless the previous equilibrium is achieved. Here automatic adjustment of price will control the quantity in the market. To answer the aforesaid question we need to know what wealth is. Generally wealth can be defined as something that can generate income or can satisfy human wants. Wealth must be measurable tangible, transferable and scarce in nature. When the goods are produced through the production process it adds to the stock of wealth of the nation. As good is measurable, tangible