Keep and Eppe - 1023 Words

The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) The effective provision of pre-school education (EPPE) project is a longitudinal study that investigates the care and development of young children from age three to seven years. It focuses on the effects of children in different types of preschool provision and concentrates on their intellectual, social and behavioural characteristics. It also focuses on factors affecting the child’s development such as interaction between child, family and their preschool environment (Melhuish, E. And Petrogiannis, K, 2006). In order to investigate the characteristics of pre school the EPPE team collected a wide range of information on more than 3000 children from 141pre school centres. They†¦show more content†¦In order to improve their work with young children practitioners use their own learning by using ways of work that are non-judgemental, sensitive and positive. Therefore, practitoners through initial on-going training and development need to develop, and demonstrate and continuously improve a number of things in their work. They may have to work with the wider community such as parents and carers and also with other professionals with inside and outside the setting. They may have to improve on their relationships with both the children and their parents and develop a knowledge and understanding of the diverse ways that children can learn in order to support and extend children’s learning across all areas and aspects of learning (Leicestershire County Council). KEEP has been developed to evaluate and improve local authority training and support, it needs to be used by practitioners and settings to identify their development needs and effectiveness on early years learning. However it is also based on improving practice through self-evaluation and reflection (KEEP: Key Elements of Effective Practice, pdf). Reference List EPPE Authority of the House of Commons (2010) House of Commons: Children, schools and families committee: Sure Start Children’s Centre. Fifth Report of session 2009-10. Volume 1. London: The Stationery Office Limited. Department for Education (2012) Early Learning and Childcare: Evidence and Research,Show MoreRelatedCU1536 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN EARLY YEARS SETTINGS977 Words   |  4 Pagesyears Evidence based practise is a setting which is influenced by objective evidence gained from research. Professional practices require you to keep up to date with researched findings and to consider how these can be applied to your own setting. An example of how research has influenced work with children is The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) which is a comprehensive report which investigated the effects of pre-school provision, its findings found that children who had attended earlyRead More Mysterious ways of J.D. Salinger Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesalso contributed to making him leave. Not to mention the biggest factor which made him want to be left alone, phoniness. These are the reasons that I believe why he wants to be left alone and not give interviews, this is also what fuels the press to keep chasing after J.D. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;To give a brief biography of what J.D. did up until his name was heard of, here’s how it all started. In 1934 J.D.’s father (Sol) enrolled him in Valley Forge Military Academy (Hamilton 18). After thatRead MoreHow Parental Involvement Is Important1572 Words   |  7 PagesSylva et Al 2004 and Deforges and Abouchaar 2003. (See below) The effects of the Home Learning Environment on children’s developmental outcomes at age 7 . The second study I will be researching will be the EPPE study (Sylva et Al 2004). One of the clearest messages that came out of the EPPE studies was that ‘what parents do is more important than who parents are’. This research uses a range of instruments including standardised assessment data, interviews/questionnaires and observational schedulesRead MoreEYFS Assignment Part 12566 Words   |  11 PagesFurthermore it discusses how planning, organisation, observation and assessment can help to facilitate effective learning (Nursery World 2011) The essay draws upon the thoughts, ideas and conclusions of the Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE 2003) and Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years (REPEY 2002) documents and those of significant theorists including Bowlby, Bruner and Vygotsky and alternative educational approaches such as High-scope borne from the USA and Te WharikiRead MoreThe Purpose of This Report Is to Review and Evaluate the Principles Underpinning the Role of the Practitioner When Working with Children.3365 Words   |  14 Pages1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15-17 4.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17-18 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.19 Introduction This report will discuss ways in which to improve practice, and keep up to date with legislation, initiatives, and research and standard changes. It will explain the ways on how to maintain professional relationships with adults and children. This report aims to layout the benefits of reflective practice and show howRead MoreEssay on Skills for an Effective Communication1261 Words   |  6 PagesManning, 2002, p.3). Students depend on their teacher for guidance, feedback and structure throughout their learning process. If a teacher is not communicating correctly the student could misinterpret or lose grasp of what is actually being said. An EPPE study that was conducted in 2003 highlighted the fact that students who had highly skilled early childhood teachers received better outcomes than those who did not. The results showed that teachers with better training knew how to effectively communicateRead MoreEssay on Child Care2272 Words   |  10 Pagespeople. Our outdoor/indoor play areas are stimulating and attractive to children to encourage them to use their senses to learn, there are plenty of play opportunities provided we keep the areas interesting and visually appealing. We are well planned and organised around the children we have areas which challenge, keep children’s interests, and meet children’s needs, as every child is unique they have their own needs, personality and interests these are planned and organised for. Eyfs requires settingsRead More Teaching2569 Words   |  11 PagesFoundation Stage Framework, 2007). High Scope, Reggio Emilia and EYFS similarly suggest good practice such as a trusting atmosphere within early years is paramount to give the children a secure opportunity to learn and develop through exploring new things. KEEP (2005) also supports this concept and places an importance on adults having a shared view in order to ensure the children make progress. A main difference between the EYFS and High Scope is that High Scope encompasses a process which enables childrenRead Morethe development, implementation and evaluation of early year’s policy reflecting on the role of research and the role of the practitioner within this process2769 Words   |  12 Pagesstudies ‘can penetrate situations in ways that are not susceptible to numerical analysis’ (p. 253) which for some early years research may be more beneficial. The methods used in research are very important in producing credible results. for example the EPPE project (Sylva et al 2003) use methods which allowed validity and a reliability such as being longitudinal providing an extended view into the impact, using random allocation and a variety of instruments. Even though the study used a good variety ofRead MoreHigh Scope in Education3661 Words   |  15 Pagesmorning greeting would be planning time, which is when the teacher walks around the class and asks the students to pick out something that they want to work on throughout their work time. The teacher will record what each child is working on and will keep track of when they finish and how long it took them, along with how much assistance they needed for that specific task. The work time takes up a rather large portion of the day and it is then followed by recall time. Recall time is when the class

John Fitzgerald Kennedy s Politics And World Affairs

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, nicknamed Jack, was born on May 29, 1917. He was the second of 9 to be born to Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy and Joseph Kennedy Jr. While Jack was at Harvard in 1937, his father became the United States Ambassador to England. That sparked Jack’s interest in politics and world affairs. From then on, he strived to learn more about government and current events. When Jack was a senior at Harvard, WWII began. He wrote a thesis about why Great Britain was not ready for the war with Germany, which went on to be published as a book called Why England Slept. Jack’s career in politics, though, began after college in 1946 when he was elected to the eleventh congressional district in Massachusetts. As a Democrat, he then served six†¦show more content†¦One of Kennedy’s accomplishments was the creation of the Peace Corps on March 1, 1961. During his presidential campaign, Kennedy gave a speech at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor to a crowd of 10,000. In his speech, he asked how many of the aspiring doctors, technicians, and/or engineers would be willing to work in the Foreign Service and travel the world. After the speech, 1,000 students wanting to live and work abroad signed a petition saying such. This event was the inspiration for the Peace Corps. Kennedy spoke of a peace corps of talented men and women who would dedicate themselves to the progress and peace of developing countries† two weeks later in a speech at the Cow Palace in San Francisco. A response of more than 25,000 letters encouraged Kennedy to make the Peace Corps a reality. When Kennedy became president, he decided he wanted to put his brother-in-law, R. Sargent Shriver, as the director of a Peace Corps Task Force to organize it and get everything together. Shriver did so by creating seven steps to follow in forming the Peace Corps in February of 1961. During the first trip after the Peace Corps was established, leaders from India, Ghana, and Bur ma were asking for Peace Corps volunteers to be placed

How Nurses Can Influence Legislature, The Political Issue...

The process in which a bill becomes a law is long, difficult, and trying. Nurses have unique strengths that make them valuable resources for lawmakers. It is the responsibility of nurses to understand the legislative process and how their influence affects it. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legislative process, how nurses can influence legislature, the political issue of childhood immunizations, and my opinion on the issue. Part 1 The Legislative Process Health policies, whether allocative or regulatory, are presented, debated, and decided on through the legislative process. It is the responsibility of all nurses to understand the many steps to this process, recognize problems that require attention, and know how they are able to influence the decision making process (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2014). The required steps for a bill to become a law include: introduction, committee consideration, floor scheduling, House and Senate consideration, difference resolution, and Presidential action. Only after successful passage through all steps can a bill be delivered for submission into public law. In order for a bill to be considered, it must first be supported and introduced by a member or the House or Senate. In order to for a nurse to have an issue presented, her or she must first find a representative to sponsor the bill and persuade as many members as possible to agree to cosign it. Lobbying, or advocating for these issues, can be done through face-to-faceShow MoreRelatedNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagescommittee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book NumberRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesIV-6 The Challenges of Local System Design for Multinationals: The MaxFli Sales Force Automation System at BAT CASE STUDY IV-7 Meridian Hospital Systems, Inc.: Deciding Which IT Company to Join CASE STUDY IV-8 Mary Morrison’s Ethical Issue Seventh Edition Managing Information Technology Carol V. Brown Howe School of Technology Management, Stevens Institute of Technology Daniel W. DeHayes Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Jeffrey A. Hoffer School of Business

Planning And Implementing Curriculum Accommodation

Planning and implementing curriculum accommodation in content areas Many students with LD experience trouble with reading abilities that are significantly below grade level. Consequently, the high school text book in history and other social studies classes will represent a problem. If students have problems with interpreting what is seen, they may have difficulties with timelines, graphs, maps, charts and other visual display that frequently used to explain information in social studies. Steele (2007) demonstrated that modification can be implemented to help students with learning difficulties succeed in social studies. Textbooks are usually hard for students with learning difficulties, it is better to utilize supplementary reading material, for example, historical fiction, easier textbook and resources from the internet. For instance, websites that have many timelines and clear description of historical events, newspapers can contain information that related to social studies topic s to students’ lives and communities, establish reading abilities, boost critical thinking skills and integrate concepts across social studies topics. These resources might explain topics, themes, and abstract ideas that are too hard to understand in the textbooks (Steele, 2007). To make students with learning problems more successful, the teacher can provide lesson about a particular book, discuss part of the textbook like glossary sections, appendixes, chapters heading, maps questions,Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Curriculum And Instructional Goals For Students With Severe And Multiple Disabilities933 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloping curriculum and instructional goals for students with severe and multiple disabilities requires a collaborative team, which includes the educational team and parents. The curriculum and instructional goals is a tool that assists in planning and implementing a high quality education. Developing an effective curriculum is a multi-step, ongoing process. The components consist of planning, developing, implementing and evaluating. It is essential for parents to voice their concerns for theirRead MoreTeaching Students With Communication Disorders752 Words   |  4 Pagesshowing to be the most effective when working with students with communications disorders? †¢ How student strengths and weaknesses will be measure in order to develop a proper curriculum for them. If there’s an existing curriculum, how it will be modified to meet the learners needs? †¢ How planning and implementing curriculum accommodation in content areas is beneficial for the students? †¢ What integrated speech and language services will be given in order to promote communicative competence? †¢ Will any inclusiveRead MoreCurriculum Development Interview. This Paper Will Summarize1748 Words   |  7 PagesCurriculum Development Interview This paper will summarize the information gained by interviewing a Curriculum Specialist in a specific school district in eastern South Dakota. How curriculum is used and who determines how it is used will be the basis of the interview. Other aspects will include what the district’s process is when adopting curriculums and finally how the teachers are effectively using it. Included will be a reflection piece that will include the positive aspects of adopting andRead MoreMeeting the Diverse Needs of all Students: Teaching and Learning Strategies that I Plan to Use as a New Teacher1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity and know that all students will have talents, abilities and the capability to learn. The learning environment is one of the most important attributes of the teaching-learning context, therefore, teachers must put a lot of thought into the planning and designing stages of setting up a classroom. Teachers need to ensure that both the physical and emotional aspects of the learning environment are safe and welcoming. I would ensure that all students have full access to all of the activities andRead MoreTexas Education Agency ( Tea ) Mandates That The Ard Team1411 Words   |  6 PagesTexas Education Agency (TEA) mandates that the ARD team will make assessment accommodations based on the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) (replacing Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) curriculum) in the student’s IEP (Using The manual for parents and students about special education services in Texas, 2012, p. 48). To ensure that the accommodations in the IEP are being followed I would start with a discussion with all involved staff members. In this discussionRead MoreThe Curriculum : Differentiated Curriculum Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiated Curriculum Classrooms today look very different than they did twenty years ago. Gone are the days of students sitting at their desks, copying notes as the teacher writes on the chalkboard. Children are entering kindergarten at varying levels of abilities and the gap between student aptitudes grows as children get older. Students with learning disabilities are mainstreamed into classrooms and, with the growing number of immigrant families, teachers are faced with students who doRead MoreEssay on Teaching Strategies for Inclusive Education1343 Words   |  6 Pagesstudent within my classroom? This paper will discuss ways that the teacher may set up the learning environment to maximise teaching and learning, highlighting some potential advantages and difficulties of implementing such practices as a new teacher. Firstly, it is important that during planning I consider what it is all students need to learn and the best teaching and learning strategies available to deliver this content. It is argued by van Kraayenoord Elkins (2009) that teachers should initiallyRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 20011452 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly as the law has matured without any congressional update or reauthorization. The NCLB law has also been highly criticized for relying too heavily on Standardized tests. Schools are turning a major focus towards reading and math, narrowing the curriculum by having schools focus on the courses that they’re students will be tested in to make sure they meet the â€Å"adequate yearly progress† or AYP. When a school doesn’t meet the AYP for two years or more, the school is then labeled as a â€Å"In Need of Improvement†Read MoreCurriculum And Instruction For Atypical Learners954 Words   |  4 Pages relevant instruction that meet s the needs of all students. In addition, teachers must also provide accommodations and modifications of assignments for students who have special needs or disabilities which may hinder them in a regular educational setting. These types of general education instructional adaptations are the focus of one of my Master’s coursework studies, Modification of Curriculum and Instruction for Atypical Learners (SPED 5366). Through the course, I gain knowledge which allowsRead MoreGraduation Speech : Special Education Program2505 Words   |  11 Pagestheir IEP, including the accommodations and modifications available to help them succeed. This researcher has found that most of the students in the special education program at a rural northwest Iowa high school where she teaches are not actively involved in their own IEP process. Also, the students do not understand why they are in the special education program; therefore, they do not attend IEP meetings and are not active particip ants in goal setting and transition planning. Context of the Problem

Professional Development VARK/VAK Model - Free Sample Solution

Question: Appropriate techniques to identify the one you prefer .please provide justification for your preferences( please explain in detail such as learning style inventories and questionnaires ,psychometric testing eg kolb ,honey and mumford ,flemings VAK/VARK model and myers -briggs type indicator ;criticisms of learning style theories and choose one with justification. Answer: Introduction Professional development is a continuous process for the individuals working in various business operations in the various industries across the globe, which allows the individuals to sharpen their existing skills and gain the knowledge of a number of new skills (Sadler-Smith, 2000). The process of professional development can be defined by the process which allows them to gain their value as one of the important resources required by the organisations across the various industries for successful business. The process of professional development includes the process of learning and development. The learning process can be done in a number of styles according to the professional and personal preferences of the corresponding individuals. The learning style plays a very important role in the process which allows the individuals to complete the various learning activities with efficiency and effectiveness (Cranton, 2003). Learning styles There are a number of learning styles which can be utilised in the workplaces of the organisations around the globe. This section describes some of these learning styles which are based on a number of techniques and theories. Kolb learning cycle This learning method was developed by Kolb, who divided the entire process of learning into a number of experimental methods. These methods involve the activities of observing and analysing the reaction in various types of experiences and preparing theories based on these experiences. This learning style allows the individuals in the workplaces of the organisations to take decisions on the basis of these theories prepared from the previous activities (Moon, 1999). The various modes in the learning cycle of an individual are defined as concrete experience, abstract conceptualisation, reflective observation and active experimentation which were organised in two dimensions of activities according to Kolb. The Honey and Mumford learning styles Honey and Mumford defined the learning activities to be divided into a number of states which can allow the various individuals to learn and develop theories to reach different conclusions. These different states defined by Honey and Mumford are activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist (Rayner, 1997). The model allows the individuals to move around in various states according to their experiences until they reach a concrete conclusion. Flemings VARK/VAK model One of the models used for the learning styles in the workplace is Flemings VAK model which defines the learning style of each and every individual to be a combination of three types of learning styles, such as Visual learning, Auditory learning and Kinaesthetic leaning. The style of visual learning allows the individuals in the workplaces to learn by looking at things and depending on their visual skills. The style of auditory learning allows the individuals in the workplaces to learn through listening and depending on their listening skills. The style of kinaesthetic learning allows the individuals to learn through the senses of touch and activities of moving and doing. The VARK model adds a new learning style to the existing VAK model known as the reading and writing learning which allows the individuals to learn through the acts of reading and writing. Myers Briggs type indicator This indicator uses a set of questions to determine the responses to them by the individuals working in various professions. These responses of the individuals allow their psychological preferences to be revealed which in turn allows us to understand the way in which they perceive their surroundings and the way they carry out the process of making informed decisions. This indicator is based on two types of functions such as rational and irrational functions. Preference I prefer the Honey and Mumford learning styles as it allows an individual to be in a particular state of learning process and allows them to change the states on the basis of the success of the learning process (White, 1992). The below mentioned sample questionnaires allows the determination of the state of the individuals in the learning process. Is it easy for you to mingle with unknown people? Yes No Are you ever being perceived as a conservative person by your colleagues? Yes No Do you like to have a lot of attention? Yes No Do you have a lot of questions on most topics? Yes No Conclusion The determination of the learning style used by various individuals in the workplaces of the various organisations across the industries allows the management to implement the learning activities (Webster-Wright, 2009). These learning activities allow the individuals to complete the activities successfully. References Cranton, P., King, K. P. 2003. Transformative learning as a professional development goal. New directions for adult and continuing education, 2003(98), 31-38. Moon, J. A. 1999. Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. Psychology Press. Rayner, S., Riding, R. 1997. Towards a categorisation of cognitive styles and learning styles. Educational Psychology, 17(1-2), 5-27. Sadler-Smith, E., Allinson, C. W., Hayes, J. 2000. Learning preferences and cognitive style some implications for continuing professional development. Management Learning, 31(2), 239-256. Webster-Wright, A. 2009. Reframing professional development through understanding authentic professional learning. Review of educational research, 79(2), 702-739. White, J. A. 1992. Applying an experiential learning styles framework to management and professional development. Journal of Management Development, 11(5), 55-64.

Homosexuality (2572 words) Essay Example For Students

Homosexuality (2572 words) Essay HomosexualityHomosexuality- The Major Cause of HomosexualityThe origins of human sexuality and homosexuality in particular have puzzled philosophers, theologians and ordinary people for thousands of years. In scatter cultures, homosexuals have been regarded as a normal part of life, however, same sex attraction to most cultures have been treated as an unforgivable sin or a terrible crime. Many psychologists and psychiatrist had attempted to ?treat and counsel? the homosexuals. In our social norm, male attracts to female and female attracts to male. To everyone this is a natural and biological urge. However, there is a significant minority who attracts to their own sex. Its about five percent of the population in the world. There are many opposing viewpoints of whether it derives from variation in our genes or our physiology, from the intricacies of our personal history or from convergence of these? Is it for that matter a choice rather than a compulsion? Chances are no one factor or study can alone explicate and clarify the human sexual orientation. However, there are evidences that prove being gay is not a choice. The nature of homosexuality primarily comes from ones biological sexual orientation and the environment is just a source to bring forth or repress the behaviorMany researchers and scientists have long search for the distinguishable brain structures, the biochemistry in the human brains to differentiate the differences to classify between the two obvious sexes we now have in our society, male and female. Such sex differentiation of the brains structure is called sexual dimorphism. . (LeVay/ Hamer 22)The first significant observation of sexual dimorphism performed in an animal laboratory. Roger A. Gorski, a professor at University of California, Los Angeles, conducted an experiment on rats. In 1978, Gorski examined the rats hypothalamus, a region at the base of its brain that is involved in instinctive behaviors and regulation of metabolism. He discove red there is a group on front of the hypothalamus is several times larger in millimeter of the male rats compared to the female rats. The cell group is very small but it could be easily observed on a stained slice when being viewed under a microscope. More interestingly, Gorskis finding applied to the sexual orientation between males and females. That particular group of cell is known as the medial preoptic are has been involved in the sexual behaviors typically displayed in males. For instance, if there is a male rat has a injury medial preoptic area, he apparently couldnt indifferent to sex with another female. From the study of Gorski and his co-workers, we now know the androgen is the typical male hormone and the estrogen is the female hormone played a major role in bring about dimorphism during the fetus development. (LeVay/Hamer 23)Another finding also involved with Gorski and his colleagues at U.C.L.A, especially with his student, Dr. Laura S. Allen. They also found the dimor phic structure in the human brain. A cell group named INAH3, shorten for the third interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, in the medial preoptic region of the hypothalamus is about three times larger in men that in women. (LeVay/Hamer 23)Animal studies make available a good deal of evidence for biological basis of disease, but in this case, sexual orientation. Through a careful exploitation of hormone level on rats, Gorski as been able to produce male rodents that demonstrate feminine behavior and injected into the female fetus that develop with the male fetus and it appear to be masculine because of the male testosterone. They also look and act more like males. In addition, they are less attractive to male mice (Gorman 60)Related to Gorski and Allens study, Simon LeVay, a British biologist and neurologist at San Diego Salk Institute, who is also gay, performed another study for Biological Studies, in 1990. LeVay decided to check whether INAH3 or some other cell group in the medial preoptic area varies in size with sexual orientation as well as with sex. LeVay conducted an experiment on the hypothalamus in autopsy specimens from nineteen homosexual men, all of whom died of AIDS and sixteen heterosexual men, six of whom had also died of complication of AIDS. After encoding the specimens to eliminate all the bias that could skew the outcome. LeVay carefully sliced the hypothalamus into serial slices. He measured their cross-sectional areas and their thickness under a microscope. LeVay has concluded the sexually dimorphic nucleus INAH3 were significantly larger than of female and smaller in male homosexuals than in straight men and similar in size to the nucleus of female. In some gay men, this group altogether nonexistent; this is statistically proven in 1 in 1000 gay men. LeVay hypothesized that this is a biological factor and possibly genetically based has influenced in the brains of homosexuals to become feminized. (LeVay/Hamer 25)William Byne, a psychiatrist at Mount Sinai Medical Center decided to challenge and test LeVays finding. Byne compared the brains of nineteen heterosexual men and seven women and found the male nuclei were larger, as LeVay had initiated. Byne came up with several arguments that other factors could also influenced the cause of homosexuality but chosen not to publish his result until he can rule out all the possibilities that could contradict his argument. He is also collecting numerous human brains for a comparison of gay and straight males. (Horgan 26)There are many conservatives who disapprove of homosexuality and have the intense hostility with the concept of ?gay gene? and have traditionally argued against it. But this is because those conservatives do not understand the implications that lie behind the gay gene. Homosexuality is life left-handedness. Its neither chosen nor a psychological illness. Since the homosexuality exposed and became a controversial issue in United States in the last thre e decades, many conservatives argue, ?Homosexuality is a chose lifestyle, like vegetarian. Its a disease like schizophrenia.? (Burr 22). But since scientists had proven those are not completely cases of homosexuality and it clearly a biological development like and it does not correlate with any environment factors. Drexel Music Program EssayThere were also ethical, medical and economic issues involved as well. Although scientists did not provide any test for the still hypothetical gay gene but we are heading in that direction. If such test were developed, might parents decide to screen the fetus for homosexuality, just as they do for Down syndrome and other genetic defects? Would some doctors regard homosexuality as a genetic defect that should be cured and weeded out of the population? Would insurance companies charge men with the gay gene more on coverage or refuse to serve them because they have a higher risk of AIDS faced by gay men? These are questions that worried many people. ?In addition, homosexuals are frequently the targets of discrimination and violence. The treat of violence and discrimination is an obstacle to lesbian and gay peoples development. In a 1989 national survey, 5% of the gay men and 10% of the lesbians reported physical abuse and/or assault?47% report some form of di scrimination over their lifetime. Other research has show similarly high rates of discrimination or violence toward homosexuals? (Yahoo.com, APA Q;A)Personally I do hope the genetic surgery will reveal the true nature of homosexual and find the right loci of the gay gene in the near future. Optimistically with finding of the biological influences on the gay gene can help to eliminate the discrimination and the escalating hate crimes rate toward the homosexuals. Homosexuals are normal people like the heterosexuals. They have feelings and their sexual orientation of attracting the same sex is innate. They have no control over this destiny. Counseling, therapy or the environment cant change this so since we cant convert this then why dont we accept this and give those homosexuals all the respects and rights that they deserve like any other heterosexuals. Work cited? Answer to Your Questions about Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality. APA Public Communication. *http://www.apa.org/pubinf o/orient.html. *? Begley S.; Hager M. (July 26, 1993) Newsweek. Vol. 122 Issue 4 Does DNA Make Some Men Gay? P59 2/3p, 1c? Burr C. (Dec 16, 1996) Weekly Standard. Suppose There Is a Gay Gene? What Then? P 22-26? John, H. (Nov 95). Scientific American, Vol. 273 Issue 5, Gay Genes, Revisited p26, 5/6p, 1c? Kangas S. (1999) Homosexuality Is Biologically Determined. Homosexuality: OpposingViewpoints. Mary E. Williams, Greenhaven Press. 17-21? Gorman, C. (Sept 9, 1991) Time Magazine. Are Gay Men Born that Way? P 60-61? Pillard R. (1999) The Causes of Homosexuality Are Probably Genetic. Homosexuality: Opposing Viewpoints. Mary E. Williams, Greenhaven Press. 27-34